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Mithra era considerado um mediador entre deus e homem.
Mithra era considerado um mediador entre deus e homem.


O último estado da religião pagã na Europa foi o Mithraismo. A adoração de Mithras, o deus Sol Invencível foi praticada por todo império Romano, incluindo as ilhas Britânicas. Os Templos em Londres e ao longo dos muros de Hadrian podem ainda ser vistos hoje bem como alguns remanescentes em Wales e York. Não há qualquer documentação escrita formal de estilo Ocidental dos Mistérios Mithraicos, o "Culto de Mithras" Romano. Os Templos subterrâneos e suas pinturas, estátus e poucos documentos anti-pagãos feitos pelos primeiros Cristãos é tudo que permanece.
O último estado da religião pagã na Europa foi o Mithraismo. A adoração de Mithras, o deus Sol Invencível foi praticada por todo império Romano, incluindo as ilhas Britânicas. Os Templos em Londres e ao longo dos muros de Hadrian podem ainda ser vistos hoje bem como alguns remanescentes em Wales e York. Não há qualquer documentação escrita formal de estilo Ocidental dos Mistérios Mithraicos, o "Culto de Mithras" Romano. Os Templos subterrâneos e suas pinturas, estátuas e poucos documentos anti-pagãos feitos pelos primeiros Cristãos é tudo que permanece.





Edição das 20h03min de 10 de dezembro de 2007

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O reconhecimento oficial da adoração do sol no Império Romano começou durante o tempo Aureliano quando ele instituiu o culto do "Sol invicto". O culto do Sol Invictos e o de Mithra são virtualmente os mesmos.

No ano 307 D.C., o Imperador Diocletiano, um adorador do sol, estava envolvido na dedicação de um templo a Mithra e foi responsável pela queima da escritura que tornou possível para os últimos imperadores, formular suas próprias versões de "Cristianismo".

O Imperador Constantino, enquanto declarava ser Cristão, mantinha o título de "Pontifus Maximus" o alto sacerdote do paganismo. Suas moedas era escritas com: "SOL INVICTO COMITI" (COMPROMETIDO AO SOL INVENCÍVEL).

Domingo (Deis Solis), o dia do sol, era considerado pelos Mithraistas um dia sagrado de descanso.

No dia 25 de dezembro era comemorado como o nascimento do sol, dado como nascido pela "Rainha dos Céus" - "Mãe de deus"

Os Mithraistas celebravam um agape (festa) mithraico. Mithra era considerado um mediador entre deus e homem.

O último estado da religião pagã na Europa foi o Mithraismo. A adoração de Mithras, o deus Sol Invencível foi praticada por todo império Romano, incluindo as ilhas Britânicas. Os Templos em Londres e ao longo dos muros de Hadrian podem ainda ser vistos hoje bem como alguns remanescentes em Wales e York. Não há qualquer documentação escrita formal de estilo Ocidental dos Mistérios Mithraicos, o "Culto de Mithras" Romano. Os Templos subterrâneos e suas pinturas, estátuas e poucos documentos anti-pagãos feitos pelos primeiros Cristãos é tudo que permanece.


Mithra/Mitra is the prototype to Roman Mithras to whom there are several hymns in Hindu and Zoroastrian holy texts. This gives us some insight into the energy of this deity before it became fused with the great mass of Graeco-Roman magical ideas. The evolution of this deity from god of the green land, wild pastures and the solar light to one of that Invincible Sun god, who moves the cosmos by slaying constellation Taurus, has been the subject of much interest to historians and magicians.

Roman Mithras was perhaps the greatest rival to early Christianity for many reasons. As well as being a popular pagan religion practised by the Roman Army, Mithraism had many similarities to Christianity. Mithras was born of a virgin, remained celibate, his worship involving baptism, the partaking of bread marked with a cross and wine as sacrificial blood, held Sundays sacred and Mithras was born on 25th of December. Mithraist called themselves 'brother' and were led by a priest called 'father' (Pater). The symbol of the father were a staff, a hooked sword, a ring and hat.

These similarities frightened the early Christian leaders - that almost 500 years before arrival of Christ all of the Christian mysteries were already known. To combat this, Christian witters said that the Devil knew of the coming of Christ in advance and had imitated them before they existed in order to denigrate them. As Christianity gained strength and became the formal religion of the Roman Empire, the 'Cult of Mithras' was one of the first pagan cults to come under attack in the fifth century; Temples of Mithras, like most other pagan Temples, were destroyed and Churches build on them.

The Mysteries of Mithras remained in Britain for sometime after the Christianisation of Rome, and in his 'Song of the Macrocosm' (Canu y byd mawr) the Bard Taliesin (6th century A.D.) demonstrates his initiatory knowledge of the 'Cult of Mithras'.

Sir James Frazer proposed that indeed Taliesin the Bard (6th century AD) was a Mithraic initiate. The 'Song of the Macrocosm' certainly contains some Mithraic Lore and Taliesin the historical figure was versed in many of the magical lores of the British Isles. Therefore its not surprising that he was also familiar with Mithraic Mysteries. Another interesting connection between the Invincible Sun god and Celtic lore is proposed by John Matthews in 'Taliesin: Shamanism and the Bardic Mysteries in Britain and Ireland'.

In the Language of trees, the Ogham alphabet could be accreditated to god Ogma Cermait (Honey-Mouthed), Grain-aineach (Sun faced), or Trenfher (Strongman, Champion), a son of the great god Dagda and Goddess Danu. In Gaul he was called Ogmios and was worshipped as a god of light and learning. "In an inscription found at Richborough, Ogmios is depicted with rays of light coming from his head and holding the whip of Sol Invictus". All three titles of Ogma certainly do link in with the rites of Mithras and the inscription in Richborough also supports a link. However what is not clear is if the link derives from the original Mithra, that is with the spread of Indo-European people or from the introduction of Mithras with the Roman Empire, that is Ogma possiblygained some Mithraic characteristic during the Roman Empire as he already showed some parallels with Mithras.

A special grade was created as the movement went underground at the end of 4th century AD. The grade of 'Chryfii' meaning "hidden ones" is inscribed in a Mithraeum in Rome. This was to insure the lore was not totally lost, and it is during this time we see the Mithraic lore return to the Middle East with all of its new Greeco-Roman based knowledge. The spread amazingly went all the way to Korea and finally reached Japan in 612AD. By modifying it to fit local customs and adapting to each new culture, the lore survived and Mithras was worshiped from Hadrian's Wall in England in the West all the way to Japan in the East. The Invincible Sun God lived up to its title and survived all ihis adversaries.

The possibility of Taliesin the Bard (6th century) being a Mithraic initiate also adds weight to the way lore was preserved by fusion with local customs and remained hidden by being one with the masses.

Findings of local Goddess statues and other Celtic religious artifactsin the Mithraic Temples (Mithraeums) along Hadrian's Wall suggest the male-only imagery of the cult had shifted and was again fusing with local custom and deities. It is perhaps a romantic notion to think that as Christianity overcome paganism within Britain, the remaining pagans of different traditions gathered in the well -rotected walls of the underground Mithraeums to pull together - Druids (or proto-druids) alongside Mithraists invoking their gods of solar lights to stop the destructions.

One way of unlocking the mysteries that have been lost is perhaps by looking at the where it started, the old land of Persia. In the same way Christianity overcame Mithraic mysteries and all paganism in the west, what was left of the original Mithra was dissolved by rise of Islam in the East. However the magical current of the Invincible Sun god survived despite the rise of Christianity and Islam. In the East Mithra was fused with Islamic lore and became part of mystical branch of Islam, Sufisim.

Birth of the Invincible Sun God:

According to Persian traditions, the god Mithras was actually incarnated into the human form of the Saviour expected by Zarathustra. Mithras was born of Anahita, an immaculate virgin mother once worshipped as a fertility goddess before the hierarchical reformation. Anahita was said to have conceived the Saviour from the seed of Zarathustra preserved in the waters of Lake Hamun in the Persian province of Sistan. Mithra's ascension to heaven was said to have occurred in 208 B.C., 64 years after his birth. This birth took place in a cave or grotto, where shepherds attended him and regaled him with gifts, at the winter solstice. This is based on a older myth about birth of Mithra, that his magical birth at the dawn of time was from a rock from which he formed himself using his Will. He holds in his hand a dagger and a torch. A statue from Housesteads shows Mithras being born from the rock while the twelve signs of the zodiac surround him, showing his image as a stellar god who rules the cosmos even at his birth. A serpent sometimes shown to be coiled around of the Mithras or birth stone/egg.

After his birth he challenged other forces when the world was young. His battle with the Sun resulted in the formation of a friendship and Mithras was bestowed with rays/crown of the Sun. Christians adopted this date as Christ's birthday in the Fourth century of the common era, according to Sir J.G. Frazer in his work The Golden Bough: "the festival of Christmas, which the church seems to have borrowed directly from its heathen rival. In the Julian Calendar, the 25th of December was reckoned as the winter solstice, and was regarded as the nativity of the Sun, because the day begins to lengthen and the power of the Sun increases from that turning point of the year. ... Mithras was regularly identified by his worshippers with the Sun... The [Christian] Gospels say nothing of the day of Christ's birth, and accordingly the early church did not celebrate it."

The New Catholic Encyclopaedia records: "The birth of Christ was assigned the date of the winter solstice (December 25 in the Julian calendar, January 6 in the Egyptian), because on this day, as the Sun began its return to northern skies, the pagan devotees of Mithras celebrated the Dies Natalis Solis Invicti (Birthday of the Invincible Sun). On December 25, 274, [Roman Emperor] Aurelian had proclaimed the Sun God the principal patron of the Empire and dedicated a temple to Him in the Campus Martius. Christmas originated at a time when the cult of the Sun was particularly strong at Rome." (Vol. III, p.656, 1967 ed.).

Some images survive with Mithras on horseback with bow and arrow in hand hunting a stag whose horn is the crescent moon. Mithras is accompanied by a lion, snake and a dog. This too might be a star map, however no one has been able to interpret it yet.